Introduction to Biochemistry 325

Dr. Carl W. Vermeulen
(click his name for his biographical sketch)
Office = Camp 303; Lab = Camp 310; Phone = 757-508-0852; Email = ecoligist@yahoo.com
Office hours = Tues 10-11; Wed 10-noon; Thurs 10-11

Text: Campbell, Mary K., and Shawn O Farrell. "Biochemistry" editions 4 or 5
Lectures and labs are outlined in Dr. V's website:
www.science-projects.com/CB/325Index.html

CATALOG DESCRIPTION

Chem 325 - Introduction to Biochemistry. A study of the behavior of organic molecules which are significant in biological systems; structure-property relationships with biochemical systems are emphasized. Topics in biotechnology are included in both the lecture and laboratory. Three hours of lecture and one three-hour laboratory per week. Credit: 4 hours (Spring). Prerequisite: Chemistry 275 (first semester of organic chemistry)

COURSE GOALS

    The purpose or educational outcome of this upper-division lecture/laboratory course is to give both those students who intend to continue in biochemistry and those from other disciplines wishing an expanded science education an in-depth introduction to this mushrooming field of Molecular Biology or Applied Organic Chemistry (depending on the student's point of view).

    GRADING: This will be via twelve approximately weekly examinations in the laboratory with the lowest two grades dropped (a 12-2 policy). The undroppable final exam will count as a double exam. The grade will then be determined by the normal distribution curve with the average being defined as a curved 85, and each standard deviation will be a corresponding letter grade (all 80's = B, etc.). Furthermore, if you are fortunate to obtain a curved grade of 93 or higher, you will have the option of taking a "curved" 90 on the next quiz, OR taking the next quiz at your own risk. If absence is caused by matters beyond the student's control - hospitalization, death in the family, etc., the 12-2 policy will be prorated (e.g.: if 10 quizzes are taken, 1.67 of the lowest will be dropped). There shall ALSO be further opportunities to gain points through homework, brilliant classroom comments, and constructive criticism of the course. ADDITIONAL grading parameters are given on the laboratory introduction page.

Oral and Written Presentation Requirement
(based on lab work)

    Due: first presentation the week after Spring Break; second presentation the last week of classes. Why is all this emphasis on writing and speaking? Because it has become a lost art what with multiple choice exams and computer short-answer surveys. But when you go for a job interview - one of the most important things you will do in your life - you will have to talk (you're making your first impression) and then write.

    As mentioned on another page, your writing will be as a group effort and will follow scientific-journal style. Your individual TALKS will be of three sorts - a 15 second talk, a minute-long talk, and a five minute talk with whatever visual aids you want. The subject will be the same for all of them - only the lengths will be different. Why three different lengths? So you will be prepared for whatever encounter you have with your prospective employer. Let me give you a scenario taken from the archives of a training course for pharmaceutical reps to doctors' offices. I will just put it more personally as you are being interviewed for either graduate or medical school.

    You have an appointment at 1:30 p.m. with Dr. Smith in room 310, and you show up on time, of course. Dr. Smith calls you in and starts asking you questions, and then notes that you have done a research project in college. "Would you tell me about it?"

    No more than you open your mouth the intercom requests Dr. Smith for an emergency meeting immediately.

    Smith: "Can you tell me about it in just a few words?"

    Here comes your 15 second speech! It is so enticing that Smith wants to hear more. You are invited to tag along on the way to the meeting - about a minute's walk - and tell Smith more about it - your 1-minute speech! At the door Smith tells you to return to room 310 at 3 p.m., which you do because your talks have really "hooked" Smith's interest.

    At 3 p.m., Smith hears more about what you have to say and also looks through the photos and other illustrations you have. "How would you like to be one of the three presenters at tomorrow's brown-bag lunch, where interested people in my department come to listen to some of the latest research. I think they'll be interested to hear what you have to say." You can see your 15-minute talk being presented as a slide or transparency talk. Even more, you know that if you give a clear presentation, you will be more than merely accepted - perhaps invited to join the program!


    First you want to work on your long talk with illustrations. It will, of course, come in three parts - you first tell them what you want to tell them; then you tell them; and finally you tell them what you told them. (If you want this spelled out more fully: "I want to tell you about.... Now let me tell you about it in detail... Therefore you now see that...is very important."

    In this long form, it is always important to have the opening sentence be your hook or hooker - a statement that so captures their attention that they want to know more and will stay awake to hear you out. This might be the hardest part about making up any of the three talks - as all need to include the hook. The 15 second talk will probably be nothing but the hook and the results in the briefest form.

    When the instructor feels you have composed your three parts with finesse, you will be presented to the class for comments and get your grade for accomplishing the task.

    What will you topic be? It would be preferable if it were on your research project, if you have done one. If you have not done one up to now, perhaps you could start it as part of this course, or you might want to use a take-off on one of the lab exercises we shall do this semester.

    What might be some examples:

    You are maturing students in the sciences, and shall be given much more latitude to work on the above sorts of mini-projects. Your practice in talking and writing about these will make life MUCH easier for you when the time really counts - when you must describe to your hoped-for employer the work you have done previously.


Biochemistry 325
Spring 2007

TABLES OF CONTENTS

L E C T U R E S
Quizzes and Tests will be given during lab time
Lecture #Date
Text pages 5th ed
Text pages 4th ed
Topic(s)Page
1January 10
(in lab)
Introduction to the course
Nobel Laureates in Biochemistry
Research interests of the instructor
1
2
3
2 January 11Control [coarse] mechanisms - the Lac-Operon 5
3January 16
131-139
General enzymology; active sites; molecular ecology10
4January 18
139-155
Kinetics I: Michaelis-Menton Theory 15
5 January 23
156-183
Kinetics II: Fine control mechanisms20
6January 25
463-    
Glycolysis A:The Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway
 Coenzymes in the "EMP"
25
26
7January 30
    486
Glycolysis B: The EMP continued30
7February 01
    486
The Entner-Douderoff Pathway33
8February 06
515-518
The Korkes-Gunsälus Intermediate Pathway35
9February 08Glycolytic Inhibitors; Poisson Distribution40
10February 13
540-567
Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation45
11February 15
 
 
Membranes and Transport
(goes with the LPS SDS-PAGE lab)
50
12February 20
511-539
Krebs Cycle; P/O; inhibitors, etc.55
13February 22Energetics of the above pathways60
14February 27
504-510
Pentose Shunt [aka: Hexose monophosphate shunt, HMS]65
15March 01
434-447
Carbohydrates IA:Monosaccharides
IB:Monosaccharides (cont'd)
 Nomenclature
70
75
76
16March 06
448-462;487-494
Carbohydrates II: Polymers
The Glycogen Cycle
Hormal Control of the Glycogen Cycle
80
 
 
17March 20Proteins IIIA: isolation and purification procedures85
18March 22
80-112
 
Proteins IV: structural analysis
in vitro Synthesis of the Peptide Bond
90
91
19March 27
58-72
 
Proteins I: amino acids, chemical tests, structural classification95
20March 29
122-130
 
Proteins II: degradation (chemical and enzymatic)
Practice Problem
100
101
21April 03
629-648
The Nitrogen Pool (Ammonium fixation & Transamination)105
Here a placement quiz will be given to ascertain which of the following may be skipped due the students' having had genetics.
22 April 03In vivo Protein Synthesis110
23April 05
568-586
Fat and Terpene Syntheses115
24April 10
586-603
Other Lipids120
25April 12
648-656
Nucleotide biosynthesis125
26April 17 Protein biosynthesis130
27April 19
656
Nucleoside catabolism 135
28April 24
657-661
Nucleic acid biosyntheses 140
29April 26Vitamin Survey145
30May 01Carbon-carbon bond formation review150
31May 02Immunology155
32May 02Help Session for exam in lab 


M E T A B O L I C   P A T H W A Y S   &   F I G U R E S
Topic(s)Page
Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway)250
Hormonal Control of Glycolysis251
Entner-Douderoff Pathway252
Korkes-Gunsälus Connector Pathway253
Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation254
Krebs Cycle (aka: Citric Acid Cycle; Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle256
Glycogen Synthesis Pathway258
Hormal Control of the Glycogen Cycle259
Monosaccharides (Fisher Structures with Mnemonics)260
Monosaccharides (Haworth Structures)261
Pentose Shunt (Hexose Monophosphate Shunt)262
Tri-Glycerin Metabolism263
Fatty-Acid Metabolism264
Terpene Biosynthesis265
Amino Acids (Fischer Structures)266
Nitrogen Pool (including the Urea Cycle)268
Folic Acid Derivatives270
deoxy-nucleotide Biosynthesis271
Purine Biosynthesis to Inosinic Acid272
AMP and GMP Biosynthesis273
Purine Catabolism274
Pyrimidine Biosynthesis275
Thymidine mono-phosphate Biosynthesis276
Hydroxy-methyl-Cytosine Biosynthesis in T-even phages277
Pyrimidine Catabolism278
Codon Assignments273
DNA Base-Composition vs Tm and Density279
Antibiotics and Replication280


L A B O R A T O R Y
Labs will usually begin with a quiz on previous and current work.
There is no published lab manual; handouts will be provided on-line.
#DateSubjectPage
1Jan 10Intro to course
Preparation of source material - 1
Mission Lac-Operon
Basic Bacteriological Preparations
400
 
401
402
2Jan 17Preparation of source material - 2
Looking for catalase and lactase in bacteria and selected eukaryotes
Learning how to use substrate analogs and the spectrophotometer
In vitro lactase inhibition, In vivo lactase inhibition
410
411
412
413
3Jan 24Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Protein Chemistry420
4Jan 31Paper chromatography of amino acids and their derivatives
amino acids, proteins and enymatic activities
with unknowns!
RF values of amino acids
RF values of DNP-amino acid derivatives
430
 
 
436
437
5Feb 07Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry
using chromatographic and other techniques
such as optical rotation and chemical tests
440
6Feb 14A Study of the Effects of Fever on
E. coli Lipopolysaccharide
Set up and preparation
450
7Feb 21SDS-PAGE and Development of E. coli LPS
(detergent augmented polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining of gels)
460
8Feb 28Intro quiz to Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Lab
A Study of Light
Extension #1   Extension #2
470
471
472
473
9Mar 07Metabolism - 1
Optimization of Growth
480
10Mar21Metabolism - 2
Inhibitors
490
11Mar 28ETOP and inhibitors500
12Apr 04Isolation of DNA and RNA
Investigation of some of their chemical and physical properties.
(More sophisticated exercises are done in Genetics and will not be done here.)
510
13Apr 11Determination of Kinetics Constants, KM, Vmax
of either lactase or catalase.
520
14Apr 18Lipid Biochemistry530
15Apr 25Mini-Research Projects530
16May 02Help Session for Final Exam 


FINAL EXAM STUFF
I T E MPage
My sketches of the structures of GLUCOSE, ATP, NAD+/NADH800
My list of Carbon-Carbon bond formations and breakings805
My list of the vitamins covered in this course and their molecular points of action810
My list of techniques I've learned in this course.815