POST-CLASS QUESTIONS for Week #5 IMMUNOLOGY!
(individual; open book; turn in June 24, 2008)
(Lose 20% if handed in June 25; lose everything if later!)
Do NOT turn this in! But turn in the answer sheet covering both Post-5 and Pre-6.

NAME

Grades will be curved providing you correctly answer at least 4 of these:

1. Serum complement
(a) is a collection of soluble proteins in plasma There are many different serum proteins: albumin issss most common; β-globulin; γ-globulins (antibodies); complement, etc.
(b) are within the realm of specific immunity Not this as complement kills many different kinds of cells - general or non-specific immunity!
(c) are able to kill some types of invading pathogens
(d) sometimes require antibodies to direct their killing abilities this is called antibody-mediated complement killing.
(e) all of the above
(f) only a and c of the above 8. You have about a liter of 10% sucrose, and you need 200 mL of 5% sucrose.
(a) 75 mL of water and 125 mL of 10% sucrose
(b) 100 mL of water + 100 mL of 10% sucrose
(c) 150 mL of 10% sucrose and 50 mL of water
(d) 5 grams of the 10% sucrose and dissolve up to 200 mL with water
(e) none of the above
CV=CV; 10% x V = 5% x 200
V = (5x200)/10 = 100 mL of 10%
2. Antibodies
(a) are a type of cell which circulates in the blood system Oops! not cells.
(b) are constructed by linking four different polysaccharides together Oops! proteins, not polysaccharides!
(c) are composed of heavy and light protein pieces True: 2 heavies + 2 lights (smalls)
(d) are found in animals and plants but not fungi and monera Oops! higher animals only!
(e) all of the above
(f) none of the above 9. You have a vial contained 100 units of very expensive hormone. It is dissolved in 5 mL of physiological saline. You need to administer 10 units to a patient. With a hypodermic syringe, you withdraw
(a) 0.1 mL
(b) 0.2 mL
(c) 0.5 mL
(d) 1.0 mL
(e) none of the above
100 units is to 5 mL, as 20 units is to 1 mL
as 10 units are to ½ mL
3. White blood cells
(a) consist of one type of cell with many different capabilities Oops! need the converse as in "b":
(b) are of many types, one of which makes antibodies
(c) are commonly involved in the clotting of blood Platelets are not WBC's.
(d) are centrally involved in leukemia Leukemia cf leukocytes (WBC's).
(e) only a and d
(f) none of the above 10. You have a vial contained 100 units of very expensive hormone. It is dissolved in 5 mL of physiological saline. You need to administer 20 units to a patient. With a hypodermic syringe, you withdraw
(a) 100 μL
(b) 200 μL
(c) 500 μL
(d) 1,000 μL
(e) none of the above
100 units per 5 mL = 100 units per 5,000 μL
= 20 units per 1,000 μL
4. In an organ transplant,
(a) the new organ is an antigen with respect to the recipient's body antigens are foreign; new organ is foreign.
(b) chemotherapy consists of boosting the recipient's immune system Oops! need the opposite: depress immunity to prevent rejection.
(c) the transplant can be a vector of prokaryotic or viral pathogens
(d) the transplant acts as a scaffold upon which the body builds a new organ of its own cells, which replace those of the transplant No, the whole organ is adopted and functions.
(e) only two of the above a and c
(f) none of the above 11. The macromolecular, proteinaceous "fuzzy" antibacteria agent in honey was isolated and given as 3 injections to mice at weekly intervals. The serum of the mice was isolated and found - as expected - to contain strong anti-"fuzzy" activity. Two samples of honey were made: X (control) was a 50-50 mix of honey and serum from non-immunized mice, and Z was a 50-50 mix of honey plus the antiserum. These were "disked" and plated on E. coli lawns. Which pair of disks results?

B: If "a", then antibodies are not working in Z - wrong.
Not "c" or "d" as X must have its control halo.
5. Bacteria contain many things, among which are
(a) DNA, ribosomes and mitochondria
(b) RNA, Golgi apparati, cell walls
(c) chloroplasts, nuclei, rough ER
(d) DNA, RNA, rough ER and diaminopimelic acid
(e) none of the above Prokaryotes have NO organelles and NO interior membranes - thus NO mitochondria, NO chloroplasts, NO ER, NO Golgi, NO nucleus.
(f) only two of the above, but not e 12. The small molecular, "clear" antibacterial agent in honey was similarly used to immunize mice, disked and tested on E. coli. X was the control, as above, and Z was the mix of honey and the test serum. Which pair of disks indicates that the mice had a non-specific (or general) immunity (ability to inactivate) the "clear" agent?
D: If non-specific, then it would exist in the control also, and thus the control and experimental should look alike. Since the control should thus have NO halo, so also should the experimental have no halo.
6. Jason made a 10-fold serial dilution and plated 10μL samples on a plate he labeled "J-1." The next day he obtained these counts in his four lanes:
TMTC (1), TMTC (2), 86 (3), 7.
Which is the best answer?
(a) the plate should be disregarded
(b) there were 8.6x10⁶ cfu/mL in the original 86x10^(tube3+2)
(c) there were 8.6x10⁷ cfu/mL in the original
(d) there were 7x10⁷ cfu/mL in the original Always chose the larger number (86 vs 7) 13. Agglutination: Along with controls, serum from a foreign student, Adu, was mixed in a droplet of saline on a slide with 50 μL of a suspension of heat-killed Salmonella typhi with this result:
(a) Adu had never had typhoid fever
(b) Adu had once had typhoid fever
(c) Impossible to tell
("antiserum" in this case is made from blood taken from someone wwho has recently had Salmonellosis. Droplet #1 is cloudy with a homogeneous slurry of bacteria.)
Hardly anyone missed this. A test of the anamnestic response concept.
7. Wilbie plated a 10μL sample of milk on a plate. The next day he obtained 73 colonies. What was the concentration of bacteria in the milk? Since there were no serial dilutions made, the milk should be considered Tube Zero.
(a) the plate should be disregarded
(b) there were 7.3x10³ cfu/mL in the milk 73x10^{(Tube0 + 2)}
(c) there were 7.3x10⁵ cfu/mL in the milk
(d) there were 73 cfu/mL in the milk
(f) none of the above are close 14. (graph reading) You produce some serum from your blood and then go about making 2-fold serial dilutions of it such that each 1 mL tube contains half the concentration than the one before it. Thus your concentrations are 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%.... You then add a drop of E. coli culture to each tube and wait 5 minutes before doing plate-counts, which you subsequently graph. Which curve on this graph most reasonably depicts your data?
A: Since the 100% should kill all the bacteria, the line must start at the bottom, and with decreasing percents' leaving more and more bacteria still alive after 5 minutes, the line should rise. Only "a" does that.
Know the relationships between blood, serum, plasma, defibrinated blood, physiological saline.

	1. Serum complement (a) is a collection of soluble proteins in plasma There are many different serum proteins: albumin issss most common; β-globulin; γ-globulins (antibodies); complement, etc. (b) are within the realm of specific immunity Not this as complement kills many different kinds of cells - general or non-specific immunity! (c) are able to kill some types of invading pathogens (d) sometimes require antibodies to direct their killing abilities this is called antibody-mediated complement killing. (e) all of the above (f) only a and c of the above	8. You have about a liter of 10% sucrose, and you need 200 mL of 5% sucrose. (a) 75 mL of water and 125 mL of 10% sucrose (b) 100 mL of water + 100 mL of 10% sucrose (c) 150 mL of 10% sucrose and 50 mL of water (d) 5 grams of the 10% sucrose and dissolve up to 200 mL with water (e) none of the above CV=CV; 10% x V = 5% x 200 V = (5x200)/10 = 100 mL of 10%
	2. Antibodies (a) are a type of cell which circulates in the blood system Oops! not cells. (b) are constructed by linking four different polysaccharides together Oops! proteins, not polysaccharides! (c) are composed of heavy and light protein pieces True: 2 heavies + 2 lights (smalls) (d) are found in animals and plants but not fungi and monera Oops! higher animals only! (e) all of the above (f) none of the above	9. You have a vial contained 100 units of very expensive hormone. It is dissolved in 5 mL of physiological saline. You need to administer 10 units to a patient. With a hypodermic syringe, you withdraw (a) 0.1 mL (b) 0.2 mL (c) 0.5 mL (d) 1.0 mL (e) none of the above 100 units is to 5 mL, as 20 units is to 1 mL as 10 units are to ½ mL
	3. White blood cells (a) consist of one type of cell with many different capabilities Oops! need the converse as in "b": (b) are of many types, one of which makes antibodies (c) are commonly involved in the clotting of blood Platelets are not WBC's. (d) are centrally involved in leukemia Leukemia cf leukocytes (WBC's). (e) only a and d (f) none of the above	10. You have a vial contained 100 units of very expensive hormone. It is dissolved in 5 mL of physiological saline. You need to administer 20 units to a patient. With a hypodermic syringe, you withdraw (a) 100 μL (b) 200 μL (c) 500 μL (d) 1,000 μL (e) none of the above 100 units per 5 mL = 100 units per 5,000 μL = 20 units per 1,000 μL
	4. In an organ transplant, (a) the new organ is an antigen with respect to the recipient's body antigens are foreign; new organ is foreign. (b) chemotherapy consists of boosting the recipient's immune system Oops! need the opposite: depress immunity to prevent rejection. (c) the transplant can be a vector of prokaryotic or viral pathogens (d) the transplant acts as a scaffold upon which the body builds a new organ of its own cells, which replace those of the transplant No, the whole organ is adopted and functions. (e) only two of the above a and c (f) none of the above	11. The macromolecular, proteinaceous "fuzzy" antibacteria agent in honey was isolated and given as 3 injections to mice at weekly intervals. The serum of the mice was isolated and found - as expected - to contain strong anti-"fuzzy" activity. Two samples of honey were made: X (control) was a 50-50 mix of honey and serum from non-immunized mice, and Z was a 50-50 mix of honey plus the antiserum. These were "disked" and plated on E. coli lawns. Which pair of disks results? B: If "a", then antibodies are not working in Z - wrong. Not "c" or "d" as X must have its control halo.
	5. Bacteria contain many things, among which are (a) DNA, ribosomes and mitochondria (b) RNA, Golgi apparati, cell walls (c) chloroplasts, nuclei, rough ER (d) DNA, RNA, rough ER and diaminopimelic acid (e) none of the above Prokaryotes have NO organelles and NO interior membranes - thus NO mitochondria, NO chloroplasts, NO ER, NO Golgi, NO nucleus. (f) only two of the above, but not e	12. The small molecular, "clear" antibacterial agent in honey was similarly used to immunize mice, disked and tested on E. coli. X was the control, as above, and Z was the mix of honey and the test serum. Which pair of disks indicates that the mice had a non-specific (or general) immunity (ability to inactivate) the "clear" agent? D: If non-specific, then it would exist in the control also, and thus the control and experimental should look alike. Since the control should thus have NO halo, so also should the experimental have no halo.
	6. Jason made a 10-fold serial dilution and plated 10μL samples on a plate he labeled "J-1." The next day he obtained these counts in his four lanes: TMTC (1), TMTC (2), 86 (3), 7. Which is the best answer? (a) the plate should be disregarded (b) there were 8.6x10⁶ cfu/mL in the original 86x10^(tube3+2) (c) there were 8.6x10⁷ cfu/mL in the original (d) there were 7x10⁷ cfu/mL in the original Always chose the larger number (86 vs 7)	13. Agglutination: Along with controls, serum from a foreign student, Adu, was mixed in a droplet of saline on a slide with 50 μL of a suspension of heat-killed Salmonella typhi with this result: (a) Adu had never had typhoid fever (b) Adu had once had typhoid fever (c) Impossible to tell ("antiserum" in this case is made from blood taken from someone wwho has recently had Salmonellosis. Droplet #1 is cloudy with a homogeneous slurry of bacteria.) Hardly anyone missed this. A test of the anamnestic response concept.
	7. Wilbie plated a 10μL sample of milk on a plate. The next day he obtained 73 colonies. What was the concentration of bacteria in the milk? Since there were no serial dilutions made, the milk should be considered Tube Zero. (a) the plate should be disregarded (b) there were 7.3x10³ cfu/mL in the milk 73x10^{(Tube0 + 2)} (c) there were 7.3x10⁵ cfu/mL in the milk (d) there were 73 cfu/mL in the milk (f) none of the above are close	14. (graph reading) You produce some serum from your blood and then go about making 2-fold serial dilutions of it such that each 1 mL tube contains half the concentration than the one before it. Thus your concentrations are 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%.... You then add a drop of E. coli culture to each tube and wait 5 minutes before doing plate-counts, which you subsequently graph. Which curve on this graph most reasonably depicts your data? A: Since the 100% should kill all the bacteria, the line must start at the bottom, and with decreasing percents' leaving more and more bacteria still alive after 5 minutes, the line should rise. Only "a" does that.
Know the relationships between blood, serum, plasma, defibrinated blood, physiological saline.