METABOLIC PATHWAYS
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0. WHAT IS METABOLISM?

   Metabolism is the sum of:

   1. Anabolism (construction)

   2. Catabolism (destruction, demolition)

1. CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

   1. Synopsis

   2. Glycolysis (early steps)

   3. Glycolysis (later steps)

   4. Thiamine/Lipoic Acid "Connector"

   5. Krebs Cycle

   6. Starch/Glycogen

   7. Controls on Lactase/β-galactosidase activity

   8. Lactose

   9. ONPG (o-nitrophenyl-ß-D-galactopyranoside)

   10. Pentose Shunt

2. ELECTRON TRANSPORT

   1. Cytochrome level Electron Transport

   2. Catalase Reaction

3. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

   1. Transpiration

4. THE NITROGEN POOL: UREA CYCLE, AMINO ACID & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

   1. Selected genes

      1. the rRNA gene

      2. the lac-operon

   2. Translation

   3. Protein Primary Structure (modelling aids)

   4. Post-Translational Modifications

5. LIPID METABOLISM

   1. Fats (tri-glycerides)

   2. Fatty Acids

   3. Steroids: are made from squalene in the following order (male mammals cannot go beyond testosterone):
      1. cholesterol
      2. testosterone
      3. ß-estradiol

6. Poly- and mono-NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM

   1. Shape of prokaryotic genome: a "(supercoil)"

   2. Replicating prokaryotic chromosome

   3. Synthesis of DNA and RNA

   4. Catabolism of DNA and RNA

   5. Nucleoside Synthesis

      1. Purine biosynthesis:
         1. To inosinic acid
         2. From Inosinic acid to AMP and GMP

      2. Uracil Synthesis (UMP)

      3. deoxynucleotide synthesis

      4. TMP synthesis

      5. HMC synthesis in T-even coliphages

   6. Nucleotide Catabolism

      1. Purine catabolism

      2. Pyrimidine catabolism

7. PROTEIN METABOLISM

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