Five Points of Genetic Expression (Preview & Review)

1. The Saboteur Analogy of Dr. Sol Spiegelman

2. THE 5 POINTS OF GENE EXPRESSION
   1. Co-Linearity of the gene's sequence with it protein's sequence

      1.	Yanofsky (1967):	the cistrons of trp
      2.	Fiers (1976)	MS2 sequencing (3569 Bases)
      3.	Min-Jou (1972):	RNA-virus' capsid

   2. m-RNA Existence

      1.	Gierer & Schramm (1956):	various infectious RNA's from viruses
      2.	Jacob & Monod (1961):	hypothesized m-RNA; TRANSCRIPTION
      3.	Volkin & Astrachan (1956):	short-lived phage RNA
      4.	Many labs:	RNA complementary to DNA

   3. The Genetic Code
      1. Nirenberg System (1961)
      2. Frameshift mutants
      3. Universality of the Code (Crick; 1968) from some primordial cell
      4. Degeneracy and the "Wobble Hypothesis"

   4. The Protein Synthesis Apparatus
      1. The hardware: tRNA, ribosomes, etc.
      2. The software and punctuation
         1. Initiation factor
         2. Elongation factor
         3. Termination factor
      3. Errors and mutations
         1. missense
         2. nonsense
         3. suppressors

   5. Regulation of the genes
      1. Regulatory genes and structural genes
      2. Fine control
         1. Promoters and CAP
         2. Attenuators and effectors
      3. Course control
         1. The Operon
         2. Regulons
         3. "Magic Spot" (stringency)
         4. The placement of genes on the chromosome