Molecular Basis of Bacterial Pathogenicity
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IMMUNOLOGY: From Basics to Strategies in Pathology
Chapter 43 (5th edition "Biology" by Campbell, Reece and Mitchell)

  1. Fundamentals of Immunology

    1. Non-Specific Immunity
      1. Barriers - skin etc.
      2. Toxins - interferon, Š
      3. Dissolvers & eaters
      4. Bullets - complement
      5. Ecosystem constraints
      6. Retreat - abscesses

    2. Specific Immunity
      1. Acquired immunity
      2. Antibodies - Ab's and Ag's
        1. Origin
        2. Types
        3. Functions
      3. Anamnestic response

  2. STRATEGIES OF THE PATHOGEN (Remember that the goal of the pathogen is to "eat, survive, reproduce.")

    1. Defensive pathogenic strategies
      1. Superman - e.g.: E. coli surface antigen "K5"
      2. Breakaway jerseys - e.g.: E. coli surface antigen "K1"
      3. Decoys - e.g.: E. coli surface antigen "O111"
      4. Anti-bollistic missles - salmonella
      5. Masquerade - e.g.: E. coli surface antigen "K1", which looks like our cells' own surface (sialic acid)
      6. Hide-outs - typhoid, shigella, malaria, HIV
      7. Quick-change - gonnorhea, malaria

    2. Offensive pathogenic strategies
      1. Seduction - salmonella
      2. Necrosis factors - gangrene
      3. Host modification through espionage - shigella
      4. Proliferate (be contagious) - anthrax

  3. STRATEGIES OF THE HOST (Remember that the goal of the host is to "eat, survive, reproduce.")

    1. Defensive host strategies
      1. Have walls and other barriers - skin, bark, waxŠ
      2. Doors only open outward - internal positive pressure
      3. Have guard dogs in the front yard - lysozyme, tannins, etc.
      4. Have unattractive surroundings - slimy, unadhesive surfaces
      5. Have an unacceptible environment inside - pH, competition
      6. Have guard dogs wandering the halls - complement, phagocytes

    2. Offensive host strategies
      1. Make new walls - abscesses
      2. Put new guard dogs at the portals - phagocytes and antibodies
      3. Make the surroundings even more unattractive - flow of excess mucous
      4. Promote a changing internal environment - fever, new plant toxins
      5. Put new guard dogs to wandering the halls - antibodies, interferon, good bacteria such as the killer bacteria in milk.
      6. Flee
      7. Humans: Invent!
        1. Medications - natural ones: spices, canavanine, etc.
        2. Medications - artificial: antibiotics, chemotherapy
        3. Phage therapy
        4. etc.
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